Riot police used tear gas on protesters who fired gunshots in the air and hurled bottles and stones before the planned inauguration of the new head of the Serbian Orthodox Church in Montenegro on Sunday.

The ceremony in Cetinje, a former capital of the small Balkan nation, has angered opponents of the Serbian church in Montenegro, which declared independence from neighbouring Serbia in 2006.

On Saturday, hundreds of protesters confronted police around a monastery where the inauguration of Metropolitan Joanikije is due to take place.

The demonstrators also set up road barricades with rubbish containers, tyres and large rocks to stop church and state dignitaries getting to the inauguration.

Chanting “This is Not Serbia!” and “This is Montenegro!,” many of the protesters spent the night at the barriers amid reports that police were sending reinforcements to break through the blockade.

The protesters, some firing handguns into the air, set fire to car tyres at one of the blockades, trying to prevent police from breaking through.

Montenegrins remain deeply divided over their country’s ties with neighbouring Serbia and the Serbian Orthodox Church, which is the nation’s dominant religious institution. Around 30% of Montenegro’s 620,000 people consider themselves Serb.

The situation flared up in Cetinje early on Sunday after a relatively calm night that followed Saturday’s clashes and a parallel gathering in the capital, Podgorica, where thousands of people greeted Serbian Patriarch Porfirije and Metropolitan Joanikije before the planned inauguration.

In a clear demonstration of the sharp political and social divide in Montenegro, President Milo Djukanovic, the architect of the state’s independence from Serbia, visited Cetinje, while current pro-Serb Prime Minister Zdravko Krivokapic went to Podgorica.

Though Mr Djukanovic said he was not taking sides as the president of all citizens, he praised the protesters in Cetinje for guarding national interests against the alleged bid by Serbia to impose its influence in Montenegro through the church.

“We need to protect our freedom and sovereignty,” he told state television channel RTCG, urging calm and restraint. “Any nationally-responsible individual naturally resists.”

Mr Djukanovic called for the inauguration to be postponed and some media reported late on Saturday that this would happen, but the information was soon denied by the Serbian church, which said the inauguration would take place despite the tensions.

Since Montenegro split from Serbia, pro-independence Montenegrins have advocated for a recognised Orthodox Christian church that is separate from the Serbian one.

Mr Joanikije’s predecessor as the church’s leader in Montenegro, Amfilohije, died in October after contracting Covid-19.

The Serbian Orthodox Church played a key role in demonstrations last year that helped topple a long-ruling pro-Western government in Montenegro. The new government now includes staunchly pro-Serb and pro-Russian parties.

Montenegro’s previous authorities led the country to independence from Serbia and defied Russia to join Nato in 2017. Montenegro is also seeking to become a member of the European Union.