An Ecuadorian presidential candidate who recently pledged to root out corruption and lock up the country’s “thieves” was fatally shot at a political rally in the capital as the South American country reels from drug-related crime and violence.

Fernando Villavicencio, 59, who was known for speaking up against cartels, was assassinated on Wednesday, less than two weeks before a special presidential election.

He was not a front-runner, but his death deepened an organised crime crisis that has already claimed thousands of lives and underscored the challenge that Ecuador’s next leader will face.

Video of the rally in Quito posted on social media appeared to show Mr Villavicencio walking out of the rally surrounded by guards. The footage then showed the candidate getting into a white pickup truck before gunshots were heard, followed by screams and commotion around the truck.

The sequence of events was confirmed to The Associated Press by Patricio Zuquilanda, Mr Villavicencio’s campaign adviser.

The candidate had received at least three death threats before the shooting and reported them to authorities, resulting in one detention, Mr Zuquilanda said.

“The Ecuadorian people are crying, and Ecuador is mortally wounded,” the adviser said. “Politics cannot lead to the death of any member of society.”

Former Vice President Otto Sonnenholzner, who also is seeking the presidency, bemoaned the loss at a news conference: “We are dying, drowning in a sea of tears, and we do not deserve to live like this.”

President Guillermo Lasso said the assassins threw a grenade into the street to cover their flight, but it did not explode.

Police later destroyed the grenade with a controlled explosion.

Operations carried out in different sectors of Quito resulted in six arrests. One suspect died in custody from wounds sustained in a firefight, the attorney general’s office said.

Mr Lasso suggested the slaying could be linked to organised crime and insisted on proceeding with the election scheduled for August 20.

He declared three days of national mourning and a state of emergency that involves deploying additional military personnel throughout the country.

“Given the loss of a democrat and a fighter, the elections are not suspended. On the contrary, they have to be held, and democracy has to be strengthened,” Mr Lasso said.

In his final speech before he was killed, Mr Villavicencio promised a roaring crowd that he would fight corruption and imprison more criminals.

He had been threatened by affiliates of Mexico’s Sinaloa cartel, one of a slew of international organised crime groups that now operate in Ecuador. He said his campaign represented a threat to such groups.

“Here I am showing my face. I’m not scared of them,” Mr Villavicencio said in a statement before his death, naming detained crime boss Jose Adolfo Macias by his alias, Fito.

Mr Villavicencio, one of eight candidates running for president, was the candidate of the Build Ecuador Movement.

As drug traffickers have begun to use the country’s coastal ports, Ecuadorians have reeled from violence not seen for decades.

Gunfire is heard in many major cities as rival gangs battle for control, and gangs have recruited children.

Just last month, the mayor of the port city of Manta was shot and killed. On July 26, Mr Lasso declared a state of emergency covering two provinces and the country’s prison system in an effort to stem the violence.

People waiting for buses in Guayaquil, a port city south of Quito that has been the epicentre of gang violence, expressed shock over Mr Villavicencio’s killing.

“It shows that the violence in the country is increasing,” pharmacist Leidy Aguirre, 28, said. “Politicians supposedly have more security than citizens and this shows that not even they are safe.”

Elsewhere, people went about their lives by taking outdoor exercise classes and daily walks because they are resigned to live amid the violence.

Marjorie Lino, a 38-year-old housewife, lamented the danger as she walked with a friend along the main road that leads to one of the country’s most violent neighbourhoods.

“To us as women, our husbands tell us not to go out here, but it doesn’t matter (because) when one is going to die, one dies even at the door of one’s house,” she said.

Mrs Lino does not believe that any of the presidential candidates will be able to end the violence.

Mr Villavicencio was one of the country’s most critical voices against corruption, especially during the 2007-2017 government of President Rafael Correa.

He was an independent journalist who investigated corruption in previous governments before entering politics as an anti-graft campaigner.

Mr Villavicencio filed many judicial complaints against high-ranking members of the Correa government, including against the former president himself.

He was sentenced to 18 months in prison for defamation over his criticisms of Mr Correa, and fled to Indigenous territory in Ecuador, later receiving asylum in neighbouring Peru.

Edison Romo, a former military intelligence colonel, said the anti-corruption complaints made Mr Villavicencio “a threat to international criminal organisations”.

Mr Lasso, a conservative former banker, was elected in 2021 on a business-friendly platform and clashed from the start with the left-leaning majority coalition in the National Assembly.

A snap election was called after Mr Lasso dissolved the National Assembly by decree in May, in a move to avoid being impeached over allegations that he failed to intervene to end a faulty contract between the state-owned oil transport company and a private tanker company.

The country has faced a series of political upheavals in recent years.

Authorities said that at least nine others were injured in the shooting, including a congressional candidate.

The killing was met with an outcry by other candidates who demanded action, with presidential front-runner Luisa Gonzalez of the Citizen Revolution party saying “when they touch one of us, they touch all of us”.

Mr Villavicencio was married and is survived by five children.