The gap between poor students and their more affluent peers attending university has widened to its largest point for 12 years, new figures show.

The proportion of white British boys eligible for free school meals (FSM) entering higher education has also fallen in the past year, according to data published by the Department for Education (DfE).

Better-off pupils are significantly more likely to go to university than their more disadvantaged peers and the gap between the two groups – 18.8 percentage points – is the widest it has been since 2006/07.

The latest statistics show that 26.3% of pupils eligible for FSMs went on to university in 2018/19, compared with 45.1% of those who did not receive free meals.

Only 12.7% of white British males who were eligible for FSMs went to university by the age of 19 – and the progression rate has fallen slightly for the first time since 2011/12, according to the DfE analysis.

But the Government’s Widening Participation in Higher Education report reveals significant regional differences across England in the likelihood of getting university places.

Almost half (49%) of FSM pupils in inner London go to university by the age of 19. This is higher than non-FSM pupils anywhere outside London.

Fewer than a fifth of FSM pupils attend higher education in some areas of England – including in the South West (17.2%), South East (17.7%) and the East Midlands (18.3%).

Progression rates have risen for all ethnic groups in the latest year except for black pupils – where it has dropped for the first time in a decade from 59.9% in 2017/18 to 59.1% in 2018/19, the report found.

Black pupils are still the least likely ethnic group to progress into higher tariff universities at 9.8% in 2018/19, although this rate has more than doubled since 2009/10.

The figures come after an education minister called on universities to do more to raise standards in schools to ensure students from all backgrounds “get to the finish line” on a degree that leads to a graduate job.

Universities Minister Michelle Donelan said it was “far too simplistic” to only look at the number of students from a disadvantaged group going into higher education to measure progress.

Julie McCulloch, director of policy at the Association of School and College Leaders, said: “More disadvantaged children are going to higher education than ever before but unfortunately these statistics show that progress on this front has stalled over the past three years, while the proportion from more affluent homes has continued to rise. This is why the gap has widened.

“We must redouble our efforts to make participation in higher education more equitable and this is a job for us all, not just universities.

“We have to tackle educational gaps early in life through more investment in high-quality early- years education, ensure that our schools and colleges are sufficiently funded, and improve the way in which we support the schools which serve our most deprived communities. This must happen if the Government is serious about ‘levelling up’.”

A Universities UK (UUK) spokeswoman said: “Universities are committed to widening access to higher education and ensuring students from all backgrounds can succeed and progress.”

She added: “However, it is clear that a number of challenges and disparities remain and there is a shared will in the sector to see gaps narrow further.

“Universities will continue to work to do this, and would welcome any move from Government to provide greater support for those who for example want to study part-time or as flexibly as possible.”

A DfE spokesman said: “We must ensure that all those who have the ability, attainment and desire to pursue higher education are given high-quality options that will lead to the good graduate jobs that will transform their lives.

“The Universities Minister recently called for institutions to do even more to raise standards and aspiration in schools, such as through sponsoring schools, running summer camps and appointing student ambassadors.

“The Education Secretary has also set out his intention to fundamentally reform technical education, to level up opportunity across the nation for those who do not go to university.”