Former Volkswagen Group chief executive Martin Winterkorn appeared in court on Tuesday on charges of fraud and market manipulation.

The charges are in connection with the corporate scandal over Volkswagen’s use of rigged software that let millions of cars cheat emissions tests and emit high levels of harmful pollutants.

Prosecutors in Germany say Winterkorn knew about the illegal software well before the US Environmental Protection Agency announced its discovery of the violation in September 2015.

He has said he learned about the practice only days earlier and has given evidence as a witness during civil proceedings that the allegations against him “are not correct”.

Winterkorn’s lawyer, Felix Doerr, said ahead of court proceedings in Braunschweig on Tuesday, that “our client definitively rejects the accusations brought against him”.

He said that Winterkorn’s position as chief executive was not justification to make him responsible for the scandal in all its aspects.

Winterkorn, 77, was to have gone on trial in 2021 with four other VW executives but his case was postponed because of health issues.

The diesel scandal had wide-ranging consequences for the company and the car industry.

Volkswagen paid more than 31 billion euros (£23.6 billion) in fines and legal settlements.

Sales of diesel-powered cars, once favoured for their fuel efficiency over petrol-powered vehicles, plunged as a share of the car market in Europe.

Winterkorn faces three separate sets of charges: defrauding vehicle purchasers by selling the cars with illegal software, stock-market manipulation by not disclosing required information to investors, and making false statements before a parliamentary commission of inquiry in 2017.

He faces up to 10 years in prison if convicted.

Prosecutors alleged in their indictment that Winterkorn learned of the issue at least by November 2014, but continued to permit the practice.

They say that the rigged software appeared in Volkswagen cars in Europe and the US as early as 2006.

The software turned up emissions controls during testing, then turned them down during everyday driving, allowing the cars to emit more than the permitted levels of nitrogen oxide.

Nitrogen oxide can irritate people’s airways and contribute to the development of asthma.